Manufacture or treatment of products or articles having a basis of cellulose derivatives and of reagents therefor



Patented Apr. 1936 mnmmnctrunn UC'IS OB. ARTICLES HAVING A BASIS OF GELLULOSE DERIVATIVES AGENTS THEREFOR.

ANDOF BE- Henry Dreyfus, London, England fi m Drawing. Application 25,1933,- Serial No. 672,801. i Great Britain June 2. 1982 18 Claims. (01. 106-40) This invention is an improvement in or modiflcation oi the, invention described in the specification of my D. 8, application 8. No. 620,545 illedlst July, 1932, and relates tothe manu- 5 i'acture-or treatment of products or articleshaving a basis of cellulose derivatives and also to the manufacture of reagents therefor. e j In the specification of my said application I have described ,the manufacture and treatment or products or articles made or or containing {that is to say cyclic compounds containing a ring which consists of a ketogroup, an ether oxygen atom, andiour methylene or substituted methyl- ,,iene-; groups, solvent, softening or plasticizinga'ction oi'these compounds upon cellulose dej rivatiyes may be utilized ior a very wide variety jat'purpo t v f I .'I*'have now'i'ound that cyclic oxo-ketones in genera1 ;;1.-e, compounds or the formula:-- :1 oa,

-wherein any R may be hydrogen .or other atom or rou 8-i1d m: and n'-are. 1 2, 3 or other action ,uponcellulose derivatives, and the new invention, is based upon this discovery, The in-' nyention ,iurtherincludes the manufacture-oi 1 cyclic oxo-ketones, including the .oxanones of the 1 parent specification.

As previously indicated the invention contain;

:erties of the cyclic oxo-ketones, except, the

; oxanones, i'or cellulosej'derivatives.

q Ayery-importantaspect otthe present inven- Y tion'consists in, employingjthe oxo-ketones as varnishes, lacquers or the like containingnitrocellulose, cellulose acetate oraother cellulose esters or. ethers and'in-solutions for the manufacture oi artificial filaments, ribbons, films, i'oils, sheets and the likeby dry or wetprocesses. In such tion may be used as-low or mediumi bo'ilingsolvents or as highbolling solvents or plasticizers,

60 and for the purpose of making up dopes, varployed in conjunction with othersolvents and/or diluents, for example, acetone, methyl acetone,

the ethers and "esters and ether-esters oi'foleflne cellulose derivatives with the aid oi oxanones,

integers, have asolvenh-soitenlh8 or plastlcizing Y plates quite broadly, processes and products: .utilining the solvent, softening or plasticizing propsolvents, softening or plasticizlng agents in dopes',

applications the compounds of the present inven nishes, lacquers and the like theymay' be emmethyl acetate, methyl i'ormate, ethyl acetate,

1 m, glycols, i'orinstanco themonomethyl and ethyl ethers of ethylene and pinpylenei glycol and ethylene glycol mono-acetate and methyl glycol mono-acetate, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, dichlorethylene, .tri-

'chlorethvlene, chloroform, methyl, ethyl or other alcohols, hydrocarbons, and ethers, for instance i'so-pro'pyl ether. Where veryehigh volatility is desired aoetaldehyde' or other very low boiling solvents may be used.

In the manufacture of dopes, lacquers and the constitute the'high boiling. solvents or plasticizers, in which case the dope or lacquerwill usually include low and medium boiling solvents,

for example those mentioned above, and may include diluents, The. o'xo-ketone plasticizers ,phonanilides, tartrates, for instance dibutyl or di-isoamyl tartrate, or diphenylol propane, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate (the latter two preferably in conjunction with sulphonamides, tartrates or other highly. compatible plasticizers), or other phenolic plasticizers. Qther medium boiling solvents which may be used together with the lower for medium boiling cyclic oxo-ketones in dopes, lacquers and the like or together with high boiling cyclic oxorketone plasticizers include ethyl lactate, diacetonev alcohol and tetrachlorethane. Diluents, for example toluene, xylene or other relatively cheap hydrocarbons or other non-solvents for the cellulose derivatives, may be incorporated in the dopes,

, like the oxo-vketones oi the present invention may I varnisheadacquers, spinning. solutions or the like within the rangeoi tolerance'ot' such solutions.

' The dopes, varnishes, lacquers, film-forming compositions, spinning solutions and the like may contain any other desired, constituents, for example dyestuilfs, pigments (colouredf or white) or resins,ior' instance dammar, shellac, fusible soluble phenol-aldehyde resins .includingthe diphenylol. propane formaldehyde type of synthetic resin, ketone phenol resins, polyvinyl resins, urea or thiourea-iormaldehyde resins, sulphonamide aldehyde resins-and the'resins obtained from: glycerine and other 'polyhydrlc alcohols and i "adapted to reduce flammability, for example halogenated and especially bromlnated organic compound'a'ior instance brominated acidylated aromatte amines, e. g; tribromaeetanilide.

application S. Nos. 402,785 filed 26th October, 1929 and 418,414 filed 3rd January, 1930 and U. S.

Patent No. 1,467,493, or alternatively the cyclic oxo-ketones may be present in a subsequent treatment bath according to the processes described in U. S. application S. No. 402,785'filed 26th October, 1929. V

In the manufacture of plastics and moulding powders the cyclic oxo-ketones are especially useful as plasticizing agents. The plasticizer may, for example, be dissolved in a suitable liquid which may be a non-solvent or a solvent for the cellulose derivative and the solution may be sprayed or otherwise incorporated with the cellulose derivative and the mass worked on rolls in the customary manner. A mixture of benzene and alcohol is a particularly useful mixture for dissolving the plasticizing agentsof the invention and forincorporating them in the cellulose derivatives. Alcohol itself may be used similarly or other liquids which are solvents for the cyclic oxo-ketones and are non-solvents or have a relatively low solvent or softening action upon the cellulose derivative.

Inadditionto being of value in the working up of cellulose esters and ethers into any desired products as described above the solvents, softening agents or plasticizers of the present invention are also highly valuable for the treatment of already formed articles made of or containing cellulose derivatives, for example filaments, yarns, threads, ribbons, films, fabrics and the like. Such treatments may have various objects. For example the tendency of woven fabrics to slip or of warp or circular knitted fabrics to split or ladder may be diminished or eliminated by treatment with the cyclic oxo-ketones of the present invention in the manner described in U. S. application S. No. 152,516 filed 3rd December, 1926. The solvents may be used to improve the pliability or extension of filaments, threads and the like made of or containing cellulose derivatives, and in particular to improve the knotting properties of comparatively thick filaments or artificial horse-hair. Such treatment with the cyclic oxo-ketones is preferably effected without tension or only under alight tension so that the materials are able to shrink. Shrinking of the filaments, yarns and the like either to improve their extension or their pliability is particularly important in relation to application S. No.'6ll,240 filed 13th May, 1932.

The cyclic oxo-ketones may further be employed for the purpose of improving the tenacity of filaments or other products of cellulose acetate or other cellulose derivatives. In such an application the filaments or other products during or subsequent to softening with the cyclic oxoketones or mixtures containing the same are subspinning solution and the latter spun by dry spinning methods. The stretching treatment of the softened filaments or other products may be applied in a single operation and preferably gradually, or may be applied in a number of stages, preferably without intermediate elimination of the solvent as described in U. S. application S. No. 402,785 filed 26th October, 1929. From the point of view of producing regularity of stretch and also for reasons of-economy it is particularly advantageous to stretch the filaments or other products while they are in warp formation by' applying the stretching force to the warp as a whole. Such a process is des'cribed in U. S. application S. No. 602,844 filed 2nd April, 1932.

For the treatment of filaments, yarns and th like of cellulose derivatives, sizes may be made up containing the cyclic oxo-ketones so as to effect a lubrication of the yarns or other materials, particularly for facilitating textile operations, such as winding, winding and'twisting, beaming and the like. Such sizes may be made up with or without suitable thickening agents, such as polymerized vinyl compounds or oxidized linseed oil. or other drying oils.

The cyclic oxo-ketones are also of considerable value in processes involving the absorption of various liquid or solid materials by filaments, yarns, threads, fabrics and the like containing the cellulose esters or ethers. For example such products may be treated with the cyclic oxoketones during or before the treatment adapted to dye, print, discharge, load, mordant or apply delustering compounds to the materials, the absorption of the dyes, loading agents, mordanting agents, discharges, delustering compounds being facilitated or renderedpossible by the aid of the solvents. Thus, for instance, a large number of solid agents have little or noafiinity for cellulose acetate, and by means of the cyclic oxo-ketones such substances may be incorporated in the materials by dyeing, printing, stenciling or mechanical impregnation methods. Examples of such substances include certain basic dyestuffs which have relatively little affinity especially in printing processes, the acid wool and direct cotton dyestuffs, certain vat dyestuffs, pigments (white or'coloured) for example titanium oxide, and certain discharges, for example the formaldehyde sulphoxylate discharges. Again in the treatment of yarns, fabrics etc. the cyclic oxo-ketones of the present invention may be utilized to reluster fabricsor other materials containing cellulose acetate or other estersor ethers of cellulose which have been delustered by the action of moist steam or of hot aqueous media,.and reference is made in this connection to U. S. Patent No. 1,808,098. Such relustering may be uniformly applied over the whole fabric or material, or may be local was to produce an effect fabric.' The cyclic oxo-ketone may for instance be printed with the aid of a. suitable thickening agent on the delustered fabric and the whole dried to reluster the fabric in the printed portions. Dystufis, pigj Y'2,0e7,01i 4 V I ments, discharges or other efiect materials maybe esterifi ed before being subjected to dehydration.

included in the printing paste. 1

In the above applications of the cyclic oxo-ketones of the present invention. to already formed products made of or containing cellulose acetate or othercellulose esters or ethers,the cyclic oxoketones may beemployed as such, particularly where they are liquids and their solvent power has been reduced by suitable substituent groups,

as 'for' instance alkyl groups; Or where their solvent power is too great they may be mixed with suitable diluents, for example hydrocarbon diluents of the aliphatic, aromatic or cyclo-aromatic series, ethers, alcohols, water and the like. Furthermore the cyclic oxo-ketones may of course be mixedwith other solvents. a

The invention isparticularly important in relation to the manufacture of artificial silk, ribbon, films, -dopes, lacquers, plastics, moulding powders and the like, and the treatment of filaments, fabrics and other formed products of cellulose acetate, but it may also be applied to the manufacture and treatment of similar products of cellulose nitrate and also of cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose nitroacetate (of low nitrogen content) and other or-' ganic esters of cellulose 01' mixed esters, and also ethyl or benzyl celluloses or other cellulose ethers or mixed ethers or mixed ether-esters.

Ascp feviously indicated. the invention also includes the manufacture of the above cyclic oxoketones and also the oxanones of the parent specification. I have found that these bodies may be prepared by a variety of methods, the particular method adopted beingdependent to some extent upon .the accessibility or ease of manufacture of the starting material. a

Thus the cyclic oxo-ketones may be manufachired by the dehydration of dioxy-ketones, for example dioxy acetone and 1.3 -dioxy-2-buta none. These dioxy ketones and other dioxy ke- .tones may be manufactured from the calcium or other alkaline earth salts of the corresponding oxycarboxylic acids, for example glycollic acid,

' lactic acid, hydracrylic acidor the like or from the salts of the oxy carboxylic acids with metals in general whose acetates are capable of yielding acetone. Such manufacturemay involve a simple heating of the compound. If the degree of volatility of the dioxy ketone obtained by such heating is not sufficient to admit of the compound being separated from the reaction mass by distillation, other methods, for example extraction with solvents, may be resorted to. To obtain the desired cyclic oxo-ketone the dioxy ketone may, for

- example, be treated with any suitable dehydrating agent. Thus for instance in reactions efiected in the liquid phase, zinc chloride and metaor pyro-phosphoric acid and pyro-sulphates or pyrophosphatesare very suitable, while if the dioxy ketone is sufficiently volatile its vapour may be passed over a dehydrating catalyst such as for example alumina, zinc chloride, sodium pyrosulphate orthe like heated to a suitable temperature, for example ZOO-400 C. Such dehydration maytake place continuously with the manufacture of the dioxy ketone. I

Instead of forming the dioxy ketone from the oxy carboxylic acid, the latter may be first treated to obtain the corresponding ether, i. e. a di-carboxylic acid of an ether. Such a process may be 1 carried out with the aid of dehydrating agents,

for instance sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid or any of the other dehydrating catalysts previously mentioned, and the acids may, if desired, be

Alternatively the dicarb'oxylic acids of ethers formed byany other process, for example, by condensing the ester-of a halogen carboxylic acid jwiththe ester of an oxycarboxylic acid by means tfr-sociumf r Sodium a e g Sodium ethylate, in alcohol and hydrolyzing the ester groups from'the product, may be subjected to 'keto'ne transformation. The dicarboxylic [acid vmay for instance be heated in presence of sodalimejlime, baryta or other alkaline earth reagents-pr other compounds of metals whose ace tates form acetoneso as to form a corresponding cyclic oxo-ketone. If desired, the calcium or other salt of the ether dicarboxylic acid may be formed previous to applying the heat. In general in such thermal decomposition of the calcium or other salts of" the ether dioarboxylic acids the cyclic oxo ketone is the'cmost volatile of 'the substances produced by such decomposition so that it ma be removedas it is formed by'distillation. Examples of starting materials for this method of manufacturingthe cyclic oxo-ketones are dimethyl ether-a 'di.-carboxylic acid (diin a neutral medium, with sodium of the carefully dried diethyl ester,

' CH2.CO.OC'2H5 CHLCHZQ 0.0 CzHs obtained by condensing 'the ethyl esters of chloracetic and hy'dracrylic acids by'means of sodium or sodium ethylate in alcohol, theethyl ester of a carboxylic acid derivative of the (five membered ring) oxo-ketone is produced.

A further method of manufacture consists in the splitting off of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or the like from halogenalkyl-oxyalkyl ketones or from the alkyl ethers of oxy carboxylic acid halides. Such condensations may for example be effected with the aid of soda-lime, caustic soda, sodium-or potassium carbonate, chalk, sodiumracetate and the chlorides of aluminium,antimony, iron-and copper. The condens-ation may take place in the liquid phase in i which the starting material is the sole reagent present, but preferably it is carried out in a medium inert to the condensing agent and to the starting material, forexample in a medium of a carbon bisulphide, ether, isopropyl ether, petrol ether, nitro benzene or'benzene; In general it is advisable in this condensation to keep the temperature fairly low. Examples of starting materials which may be employed in such condensa -keto-p-oxy-p-methyl-butane, the ethyl ether [of 'glycollic acid chlorid, the is'obutyl ether of glycollic acidvchloride, and a-ethoxy-n valeric acid chloride.

'tion are -chlor-,3-keto-a-oxypropane, t-chlor- A further method which maybe utilized for producing the cyclic oxo-ketones of the present invention consists in the treatment of poly very similar to those described in the said speciilcation. As examples of compounds which may be treated by the said processes may be mentioned a'-dic l ilor-acetone, a.'. -dichlor-p-keto-butane, u -dibrom-p-keto-butane, p.6-dichlor ketcp-methyl-butane, p.a-dibrom-'y-lreto p methylbutane, p -dibrom- -ketone-pentane. I

As previously indicated the invention includes quite broadly the manufacture of the cyclic oxoketones, including the oxanones of the parent specification, by any of .the above methods.

M Thefollowing examples show the production of 4. tained from the calciumsalt of diethyl ether oxo-ketones according to the invention, but it is to be understood that these examples are given solely by way of illustration and that the invention is in no way limited to the particular bodies described therein, nor to the particular condi-' tions indicated for their production.

" Example 1 A cyclic 'oxo-ketone containing four carbon atoms is obtained as follows:1.3-dioxy-2-butanone, mixed with about twice its weight of pyrophosphoric acid, is heated slowly to 200 to2l0 C. in a vessel provided with an outlet connected to a condenser and receiver. The cyclic oxo-ketone distills over and iscollected in the receiver.

1 Example 2 Oxanone, i. e. the diethylene oxo-ketone, is obpp'-dicarboxylic acid by dry distillation at a temperature of about 350-450 C. the vapours evolved being passed into a water cooled condenser.

Example 3 I a-ch lory-keto-s-oxy-fl-methyl-butane is run slowly into boiling dilute (about 20%) caustic potashQ The dimethyl dimethylene oxo-ketone distills over together with water from which it may be freed byrfractionation.

Example 4 To 100 parts by weight of anhydrous aluminium chloride mixed with 150 parts of carbon bisul phid'e contained in a vessel fitted with a reflux condenser, 100 parts of the ethyl ether of glycollic acid chloride are slowly added. When all the acid chloride has been added the reaction mixture is, warmed until practically no more hydrogen chloride is evolved.

' About 250 parts, by weight, of water is' added to the reaction product and the mixture well stirred. Carbon bisulphide forms a separate layer which is decanted The residue is then distilled free from they cyclic 'oxo-keton'e formed (containing four carbon atoms) which distills over with some water. a

Example 5 The reaction product is then distilled free of insulation for electrical conductors:-

acaaon I Q the cyclic lreton produced which is the monoment of cyclic oxo-ketones other than oxanones, but it will beappreciated that the proportions of I reagents used in these examples are not intended in any way to limit the invention nor is the invention limited tdthe applications of the solvent. .softeningor plasticizing properties of the oxyketones given in these examples.

Eiiample 6 I A plastic mass ,of. cellulose acetate and an oxanone plasticizer may be made up by any of the customary methods used in'the art. For example 30-35 parts of thecyclic oxo-ketone having the formulaz Y T incorporated with about 100 parts of acetonesoluble cellulose acetate and the incorporation is carried out as is usual on malaxating rollers, the benzene-alcohol being evaporated or allowed to evaporate during themalaxation or afterwards to obtain the" plasticized mass which may then be moulded into sheets, rods, blocks or other articles which may be seasoned as usual.

The cyclic oxo-ketone employed in this example maybe prepared by condensing ethyl salicylate with ethyl chloracetate by heating withsodium 'or sodium alooholate in alcohol and then warming a carefully dried solution in benzene of the product (phenoxyacetic-o-carboxylic) diethyl ester, with more Example 7 a The following example illustrates a composition which may be used as a lacquer for coating articles of any kind and it may be used to provide Cellulose ace 4 50 Polymerized vinyl acetate 50 The body cn.co.oo,m.

v co 7 Acetone v 500 A 0h9 Benzene--- 250 r Example8 I A composition is prepared as follows:-

Parts Cellulose acetat Diphenylol propane formaldehyde synthetic resin 20 Tricresyl phosphate -i. 15 Diphenylol propane..--s 20 Acetone 500 Ethylene-methylene oxo-ketone 300 l more than 100% of their original length. The

and may be utilized for the same purposes as the composition in the preceding example. V Example A further lacquer composition may be made up as follows:-

' Parts Nitro cellulose 100 Diphenylol propane formaldehyde resin 20 The body o p v ouooeim: 20 .-QO I Triphenyl phosphate Q 20 'Acetone 100 Butyl acetate 900 A Example 10 The following example illustrates a lacquer composition capable of producing a highly flexible film or coating particularly suitable for covering rubber insulated cables and the likenis spun by ordinary dry spinning into filaments. The filaments owing to their content of oxanone may be drawn out to very fine deniers, and in order to assist this operation the filaments before complete drying may be carriedround light rollers, glass rods orthe like in order to provide a resistance beyond which a further stretch may be applied.

" Example 12 A solution of cellulose acetate in acetone 'is extruded through spinning nozzles into a coagulating bath consisting of a -40% aqueous, alcohol or aqueous-alcohol solution of ethylenemethylene oxo-ketone. The soft filaments after emergence from the coagulating bath are carried through guide to a rotating roller having a peripheral speed of 50-70metres per minute. The filaments may be drawndown to very fine deniers. After leaving the feed roller the excess ethylenemethylene oxo-ketone'is removed, as for example by washing it with a more dilute solution of ethylene-methylene oxo-ketone, for. instance a Ill-15% solution, and the filaments are finally dried. In this example the spinning solution may contain ethylene-methylene oxo-ketone, e. g. 10% on the weight of the cellulose acetate.

Example 13 I Filaments or yarns of cellulose acetate in hank or other suitable form are soaked for about 2,

minutes in a bath consisting of 30-40% aqueous alcohol or aqueous-alcoholic solution of ethylene-methylene oxo-ketone and are thereafter stretched to the desired degree, for example by stretching is preferably carried out slowly, and by providinga bathof suitable length to enable the softening to take place the stretching may be applied to travelling filaments, for example filaments in warp formation.

' Example 14 A fabric. consisting of cellulose acetate yarns and either delustered or of a normal lustre is printed with the following printing'paste:--'

Grams The dyestuff'or pigment maybe a typical cellulose acetate dyestulf, as for example a dyestuff of the arnino anthraquinone series, or a nitro diarylamine, or may be an acid wool or direct cotton dyestuff, or a .pigmentmay be used, such as titanium oxide. After printing the fabric is dried at a temperature of 85-95" C. for a sufficient time to cause theoxanone to evaporate and is then washed with warm water, soaped for a few minutes at 50 C. in a solution containing 2 grams of soap per litre and finally rinsed. Where a delustered fabric has been used and the printing Dyestuff or pigment- 10 .35 Diethylene glycol 60' '75 Water 160 Ethylene methylene oxo-ketone 200-500 Gum arabic (1:1) "400-600 paste includes a'dyestuif, the lustre of the printed I areas is restored.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:- i

1'. A'composition of matter containing a cellu lose derivative and a compound of formula (on n (0112).. wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group andm and n are 1, 2, 3 or other integers.

2. A composition of matter containing an organic derivative of cellulose and a compound of formula wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group and m and n are l, 2, 3 or other integers. 3. A composition of matter containing cellu-, lose acetate anda compound of formula O CO wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group and m and n are l, 2, 3 or other integers.

4. A composition of matter containing oellulose acetate and a compound of formula wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group.

5. A composition of matter containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula 6. Acomposition of matter containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula wherein any R may be hydrogen or' other atom or group, which compound contains an esterified carboxylic substituent group.

p '7. A composition of matter containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula CH.C0.0R

wherein R is a lower alkyl group.

8. Thermoplastic compositions and articles made therefrom containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula E RrC Rz wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group.

9. Thermoplastic compositions and articles made therefrom containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula l0. Thermoplastic compositions and articles made therefrom containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula CH.C0.0R 0 00 wherein R is a lower alkyl group.

11. Filaments, ribbons, films, foils, sheets and similar articles containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group.

12. Filaments, ribbons, films, foils, sheets and similar articles containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula 13. Filaments, ribbons, films, foils, sheets and similar articles containing cellulose acetate and a compound of formula CH.C0.0R

wherein R is a lower alkyl group.

14. In a process for the manufacture of compositions and articles containing a cellulose derivative by a process involving the dissolving, softening or plasticizing of said cellulose derivative, the step of effecting said operation with the aidof a compound of formula O CO wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group and m and n are 1, 2, 3 or other integers.

16. In a process for the manufacture of compositions and articles containing cellulose acetate by a. process involving the dissolving, softening or'plasticizing of said cellulose acetate, the step of effecting said operation with the aid of a compound of formula wherein any R may be hydrogen or other atom or group.

1'7. In a process for the manufacture of compositions and articles containing cellulose acetate by a process involving the dissolving, softening or plasticizing of said cellulose acetate, the step of effecting said operation with the aid of a compound of formula 18. In a process for the manufacture of compositions and articles containing cellulose acetate by a process involving the dissolving, softening or plasticizing of said cellulose acetate, the step of effecting said operation with the aid of a compound of formula CH.C0.0R

wherein R is a lower alkyl group.

' HENRY DREYFUS.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,057,011 April 14, 1936.

HENRY DREYFUS.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 4, second column, line 1, for "keton" read ketone; page 6, first column, line 16, claim 7, in the formula, for the first "C" between the bonds read 0; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 2nd day of June, A. D. 1936. Y

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting vCommissioner of Patents. 

